BBC Three Criminal Britain

Steubenville - two cents from across the pond

Examining why this happened and how we can prevent it in future.

rape survivor Sarah Scott

A Rape Case in Scotland

Follow my journey from reporting my rape to the police to seeing him sentenced in court.

Steubenville - two cents from across the pond

The cover-up, trial and subsequent conviction of Trent Mays and Ma'lik Richmond for raping and humiliating a young, drunk girl in the USA has been reported widely. Everyone has an opinion and I do too. I'd like to add my two cents.

I'm not shocked like most of the world.

What happened in Steubenville is not a unique event. It was not an anomaly. The attitudes of the young men involved in this case are not rare. The attitudes of the adults involved in this situation are not also sadly not rare.

Steubenville is happening every day. All over the world. 

Young, drunk women are being assaulted and it's seen as a 'joke' - not real rape. They are held responsible for what happened to them. Studies show that around a quarter of people in Scotland believe that a woman is responsible for her assault if she was drunk or wearing a short skirt

Let's start at the beginning: Sex without consent is rape. It's as simple as that. The law is very clear on that matter. With the changes made to the Sex Offences Act (2009) in Scotland it specifically outlines that if one's ability to consent is impaired - including through alcohol - then it is rape. 

For some reason some people find that hard to understand,  the law doesn't say a drunken, consenting, albeit regretted, one-night stand is rape. It says sex with someone who is incapacitated through alcohol is rape. It surely isn't that hard to tell the difference? If she is lying in a pile of vomit, unable to stand up, unconscious, asleep etc... then do not have sex with her. If she doesn't consent then do not have sex with her. Simple? I think so. 

We need to look further though - why do young men think that this kind of behaviour is acceptable? Henry Rollins wrote a blog entry specifically about the Steubenville case which I found interesting, he poses important questions. 
What made these young people think that that what they did was ok? What was in their upbringing, the information and morals instilled in them that allowed them to do what they did, minute after minute, laughing, joking, documenting it and then calling it a night and going home? Out of all the people who were witness to what happened, why wasn't there someone putting a stop to it?
We live in a culture that accepts misogyny and rape; a culture that promotes it, encourages it and rewards it.

That's basically it. That's why this happened.

Of course self-aware individuals acknowledging that fact isn't enough to stop this from happening.

We each need to question ourselves, our thoughts, our preconceptions and prejudices.

We need to teach young men, from an early age, to respect a woman's bodily autonomy.

We need to teach young men about enthusiastic consent.

We need to teach young men that rape and sexual assault is a crime, no matter how you frame it.

We need to challenge misogynistic behaviour.

We need to challenge rape culture.

We need to raise our children to stand up to rape and misogyny, not sit by idly.

We need to let people know that rape is rape. That there is no middle ground. Rape, all rape, is an act of violence and power. All rape, no matter who the fuck the victim is, is a crime. Rape is real.

We need to educate people about the statistics. We need to let people know that false accusations of rape are incredibly rare and they are no more abundant than false reports of any other crime. We need to let people know that one in four women will experience sexual violence in their lifetime.

We need to teach people about the trauma - physically and mentally - that rape causes.

We need to teach people that there is not one reaction to being raped.

We need to stop teaching our daughters how not to get raped and start teaching our sons not to rape.

We need schools to address these issues.

We need to teach our children empathy and basic human decency.

We need to teach our children about how to support a victim of sexual violence.

We need to hold rapists accountable for their actions.

We need to hold those who let rape happen accountable.

We need to stop thinking that talent mitigates rape.

We need to challenge our society that sees women as sex objects.

We need to actually talk to our children. We need to stop being scared of talking to our children about sex and rape because it's a little bit embarrassing - we need to address these issues. We need to stop assuming that they will be addressed in the class room because they are not. 

Until we do this, and do it properly, women will continue to be raped. Steubenville will happen again, again, again and again.

Let's not forget about this case just because two of the boys were convicted. Let's all channel that outrage and shock into changing the world so that it doesn't happen again, but when it does, the perpetrators are held to account and the victims are supported.


Although I say children above because I'm talking about Steubenville,  we need to educate our family, our friends, our colleagues, our peers - everyone. Rape obviously isn't only accepted, perpetrated and condoned by teenagers - if we go back to Steubenville you'll know that many of the adults in the case failed the victim completely



Frances Andrade's suicide and the re-victimisation of rape survivors in the witness box

 I can't stop reading about Frances Andrade's suicide.

It's so sad but I can entirely understand why she chose to end her life.

I try not to talk or think about this part of my life but I remember vividly even now, almost two years later, how fucking horrible it was giving evidence against my attacker. For hours and hours I had to stand in a room full of strangers, alone, as a man who did not know me was allowed to tear my character to shreds, tell the court my private business, call me a liar over and over again and there was nothing I nor anyone else could do to end it. Add to that the trauma of being just feet away from the man who only five months earlier had assaulted me, beat me, raped me. I can still remember his ugly, smarmy face as I told the court how he tore me open and left me bleeding on the floor. But I couldn't just walk away when this man accused me of heinous things - of lying, of liking it, of asking for this - I wasn't allowed to. No-one stood up in that crowded court room and said 'stop'. I lost my temper when he questioned me on something private from when I was a young teenager and the judge called a recess. I remember asking his QC how he could do this to people. He didn't answer me. I wasn't going to come back. I told them I refuse to come back but I was told there would be a warrant for my arrest if I didn't. That day was one of the worst days of my life. I felt like I was being raped again - this time with an audience.

Something needs to change. It has to. The way things are just now isn't right, it isn't fair. Survivors of a disgusting crime are treated like criminals in the witness box. Defence lawyers allowed to dig up and lambast your most personal details that are irrelevant to the fact you were a victim of this fucking horrible crime. The system is traumatising and re-victimising survivors, it's putting survivors off of reporting, it's making survivors kill themselves. Honestly, if I wasn't in a psychiatric hospital for the duration of the trial I may have taken the same path as Frances.

Frances' case has strengthened my belief that survivors should have their own lawyer to represent solely their interests. Rape Crisis Scotland have been campaigning this for a long time. The prosecutor, despite their best intentions, isn't there for the survivor. They represent the public. Experiences of survivors giving evidence, reporting figures and conviction rates all seem to show that sadly when it comes to trial a survivor's interests are not represented. They are simply a witness, they are an exhibit, they don't matter. As long as they answer all the questions thrown at them the court doesn't give a fuck what happens afterwards. Their life, their autonomy, their wellbeing doesn't matter to the court. The court doesn't care. All the court cares about is the process.

Survivors need someone in court to represent them and to be there for them. A lawyer for the survivor could stand up when the questioning turns to abuse and bullying. A lawyer could oppose the introduction of irrelevant and private medical records and psychiatric records. If anything bittersweet can come of Frances' death I hope it is that. I hope the court opens it's eyes. I hope it listens to our voices, our cries, our pleas. Currently, a survivor who is cited to give evidence may, if she's lucky, get to meet the prosecutor for a few minutes before she testifies. And, she may if she is lucky, get a tour of the courtroom. That is pretty much it. Survivors aren't prepared for questioning, the process and the law whereas a defendant has months to prepare and discuss the case with their lawyer - they are told what they should and shouldn't answer, say, wear. Survivors go in there not knowing, vulnerable, exposed and alone. It's wrong.

Women are being raped on a staggering level and the court system is abetting it. It's allowing it.

A guilty verdict shouldn't be an anomaly.

Survivors' private lives shouldn't be exposed and castigated.

Survivors shouldn't have to weigh the pros and cons of reporting their attackers.

The court fed Frances those pills, they forced them down her throat.

Of course I understand that there is a balance - due process must take place and the validity of the survivor's testimony must be questioned so the jury can make an informed decision but too often, as I have stated, that balance isn't right. The lawyers for the defence don't merely question the evidence, they question the character of the survivor on a scale unseen in survivors and victims of other kinds of crimes. Quite frankly it is unnecessary bullying.

Frances' rapists will now spend a few years in prison for abusing her, get out half way through their sentence for 'good behaviour' and continue living their lives as if this never happened. Her family is now destroyed. Her children are left without a mother, her husband without his wife. Of course they should have been punished but is it even worth it? I don't believe in God, an afterlife or any other spiritual bullshit but I hope Frances is at peace now. It leaves me with the question that I always ask myself - how do those who re-victimise rape survivors in court sleep at night?

Diary of my thoughts - letting go


It's been a long time since I've written a blog post on here. I've been at a strange stage in my recovery. I thought I needed to take a break and really figure myself out, if that makes sense.

My rape. Wow, that's something I haven't said in a long time. I haven't spoken about the actual event for a while. I don't like to anymore. I don't want to. I'm not over the fact it happened but I've learned to accept it. I was bitter for a long time and if I'm honest a part of me still is. I wanted answers; I wanted to know why. At some point I realised that no answer would ever be enough. I've accepted that he is a bad person - bad people do not apologise and they do not admit what they have done. Part of me still wants him to admit it but in reality how will that change anything? Just like the guilty verdict, it's not a 'magic wand' - it still happened. There's no way it can ever un-happen. I've let go. I've let go of the anger, the bitterness, the murderous rage that was brewing inside me. The hate and sadness I had towards him and his actions was bleeding into other aspects of my life. I wasn't a nice person to be around. I've put what happened in a box and tried to put it to the back of my mind. I'm not going to lie - I think about it everyday still. I'm not sure there will ever be a day where I don't think about it but I'm trying not to base my days around it. Next month it will be two years since it happened, I'm not really sure how I feel about it. I feel numb. I feel emotionless. I'm pretty numb to everything right now. Things that used to make me happy - numb. I can feign happiness, joy, even sadness but I don't have those feelings so much anymore. I don't like this feeling. I wish I could give a fuck about anything. Again, it's one of those things I have learned to accept. I'm trying to accept it anyway. I don't want to talk about what he did anymore. I need to keep it in that box. If I think about it for too long I know I will rebound back into my dark days.

One of the things I can't just put in a box is my PTSD. That's what is plaguing my life right now. I've learned to accept the thoughts that I can control but I still can't accept the flashbacks and nightmares and that makes me angry with myself. I'd hoped that by bottling my emotions towards what happened my PTSD would 'disappear'. My mind is annoying sometimes, I wish it wasn't so complex. I wish I was strong enough to 'move on'. One thing I've come accept is that this is life. I've come to the realisation that PTSD will always be with me. That I will always be scared of the dark, scared to walk alone, check my door at least 10 times before I sleep, that I will walk around my house with a knife every time I hear the faintest noise, that I will always have panic attacks, that I will always live in fear. I feel ashamed about it, like I said I feel weak. I hate having to call my mother or my sister when I have an attack. I hate that feeling of my heart feeling like it's trying to escape my body. I hate the feeling of not being able to breathe. I wish I was normal again. If I'm honest my condition hasn't improved really. In my eyes it's almost getting worse. My suicidal ideation has subsided for now and I haven't self harmed in a while but I don't feel like I'm getting better. I just pictured that things would be okay by now. My psychiatrist has put me on Quetiapine along with the Sertraline, Propranolol and occasional Zopiclone. The Quetiapine makes me feel like a zombie. I feel all these medications are taking away my personality and just leaving me with this dead, emotionless shell of who I was. I'm not sure if that's a good thing or a bad thing. I hate these pills but I need them.

In a few weeks I'll be speaking before over one hundred police officers about how to deal with victims of sexual violence. I'm nervous but hopeful. A good friend I met through all this and my sister will be there which is nice. The thing I don't like about public speaking is that my anxiety always plays up and I start stuttering. I've always had slight speech problems but since the incident it's become much worse and happens more.

I will upload some pictures and write up a little piece about the seminar I'm going to give in a few weeks. I still want to speak out against sexual violence. I'm still a survivor. In the next couple of weeks I'm going to update my whole blog as a lot of the stories are a little dated and I will post up lots of things that will hopefully be of interest. I've started my degree in criminology and psychology also, which is interesting. I hope that I can put it to use once I've graduated to help other survivors.

So basically I've just been focusing on my son, my family and me. I've been trying to find myself. I'm not sure who that person is just yet. I'm trying to learn to love myself - this new me. The old me is dead, she died that night. It's a journey - a hard one - but I'm still here, fighting. I'm letting go, accepting what I can't change and dealing with what I can, one day at a time. I'm not giving up just yet.

Aberdeen rape crisis centre facing closure - press statement

Sadly, Aberdeenshire's only support centre for survivors of sexual assault and rape is facing closure.

RAS has lost 50 percent of its government funding and may not be able to continue to offer its vital and important services to survivors across Aberdeen and the shire if it does not raise £50,000.

 RAS opened in 1993 and has helped countless survivors who use both their phone and one-to-one counselling services. They are based in Aberdeen and Fraserburgh. Not only do they offer services for survivors but they also do important work to challenge prejudices and false ideas about rape.

Sarah Scott - rape victim and previous service user (media free to quote):
After being raped in 2010 in Aberdeen I suffered terribly - I became depressed, anxious and suicidal. I began self harming and I eventually attempted suicide twice and was then admitted as an inpatient to Cornhill psychiatric hospital and diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 

The psychological impact survivors of rape and other forms of sexual violence face is tremendous. RAS helped me immeasurably in my recovery. They offered something that I couldn't get from friends, family, police, the Procurator Fiscal or the NHS - impartial, professional, tailored counselling for survivors of rape that helped me deal with issues that were consuming my life. Only because of them am I here today speaking out, they helped me find my voice. It saddens me deeply that they may face closure and I am very disappointed that the government has decided to cut their funding. There isn't an equivalent service for survivors in Aberdeenshire - I fear if they do have to close many survivors will end up suffering in silence and many future survivors may not report their assaults due to the fear of not receiving the appropriate support. I truly cannot emphasise enough how important RAS is to survivors in Aberdeenshire and how amazing the work they do is. 

For the government to state they are focusing their efforts on prevention is deeply offensive to us whose attacks sadly weren't prevented. Are survivors in Aberdeenshire simply meant to deal with it alone?

I urge those who can to dig deep in their pockets to keep this vital service alive and I hope that the government reconsider their decision to cut funding as survivors of perhaps the most heinous crime we face in society will suffer. It's a tragedy.  
Dawn Brown, the centre's director stated:
The loss of funding will directly impact on the service being able to operate as without the additional funds the charity will be forced to close before the end of the year. RAS was the only Scottish centre who lost existing funding from the Violence Against Women Fund. The government has been extremely short sighted in cutting this funding as without the service, women in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire will lose a vital avenue of support to help them recover from their ordeal.

DC Cammy Preston of Grampian Police has also added:
Throughout the last three years I have worked with RAS I have become increasingly aware of the excellent work they provide in terms of support for survivors of serious sexual crime. Being a survivor of a serious sexual offence has a significant long term effect on an individual. They can often develop relationship problems, drug or alcohol dependency or deep rooted varying psychological problems and the support provided to them by organisations such as RAS cannot be underestimated. 

RAS has been very supportive of the work done by Grampian Police to support survivors and the trust built up over years of working together has only strengthened the service we are able to provide as they become more confident not only in seeking support but also in reporting crime. 

The strong working relationships formed between Grampian Police and RAS has allowed both organisations to improve the services and support we are able to offer survivors beyond what we could have achieved working in isolation. From a Policing perspective feedback from RAS, Rape Crisis Scotland, and indeed survivors of serious sexual crimes, has allowed Grampian Police to further enhance its victim care approach.
Please click here to donate to RAS to help them continue their important work.

COPFS talk on sexual violence

A member of the Crown Prosecution and Procurator Fiscal Service (COPFS) attended my seminar to police officers earlier this year - in which I shared my experiences and gave the prospective SOLO officers advice so that future victims may have a better experience of reporting their assault - and showed some interest in me speaking to those involved in the prosecution of sexual offences.

Last week I was invited to the COPFS office in Aberdeen to talk to precognition staff about my experiences and give them advice - from a victim's point of view - on how to help future victims have a better experience of prosecuting their case.

It wasn't as formal as my seminar I gave to the police officers. It was actually much more relaxed as we sat around a table as opposed to me standing at a podium in a lecture theatre. There were around 15 members of the team who attended.

I spoke about my own personal experience from my initial interaction with the COPFS to seeing my attacker sentenced. I then spoke more generally, using conversations I've had with other Scottish victims and survey figures, about attitudes in society and the psychological impact of sexually violent crime on the victim. I explained how by being aware of both of these aspects - societal attitudes and emotional - they can aid the victim in their recovery and the victim can leave with a better view of the system as one of the main reasons women do not report their assault is because of a fear of  a trial and the reactions of friends and family.

All in all, I aimed to show them that although their chief aim is to seek a conviction, or in the precognition staffs case - collate the evidence and prepare the case, they also have to be conscious that each and every single victim should leave satisfied - satisfied that they were treated with the utmost dignity and respect, satisfied that the COPFS did their job professionally to the best of their ability and ultimately, and perhaps most importantly, satisfied that they decided to report their assault to the authorities whether or not the hoped verdict was achieved.

Overall I hope the talk went well, the reception was good and I really believe it helped those to see it more from the view of a victim which is really, really important. Those who attended asked plenty of questions and I even got a round of applause which made me really feel good that I was doing a good thing. I also have to thank Karen for arranging the whole thing - it really shows that they're serious about helping future victims and if I can do just one thing to help them achieve that then it's a job well done.

On a personal level it was strange being back in that building just a year after I was there as a victim of a sex crime. I never imagined I'd be so strong, it's an amazing feeling. I really felt alive and positive.

I received this e-mail the next day which made me feel proud and made me smile.

I'll upload the Powerpoint presentation later on when I'm on my own laptop.

Stop defending a rapist because you liked his football skills

The way some of the public have reacted to Ched Evans' conviction is nothing short of disgusting.

I was saddended but not surprised to see people calling the victim horrific names, calling Ched Evans a 'hero' etc... Sometimes I really have no faith in humanity. Around a quarter of people surveyed by Amnesty International thought a rape victim was to blame if they had been intoxicated so I should not really be surprised. Every time someone in the public interest is convicted of rape or another sex crime the victim is abused, harassed, named and blamed - Mike Tyson, Tupac, Roman Polanski, Marlon King, Big Sean anyone? There are countless more. I'm not going to write a lot about this because a lot has already been said. I'll summarise by saying:
  • Revealing a rape victim's identity is against the law - even if you're doing it on a social network. I've already reported about ten more than thirty people to the authorities for this. Victims have anonymity for a reason.
  • If the victim was after money then explain how that is possible when she did not know who raped her when she reported it. It could have been some bloke on benefits. She had no idea.
  • I'm trying not to list the evidence because that's irrelevant now, the jury found that the evidence was strong and believed it, but to those questioning it there was a video of the attack taken by the rapist's brother, Evans escaped through a fire escape, he lied to the police, CCTV showed the victim to be highly intoxicated. The jury saw all the evidence and found that it supported his guilt. 
  • Just because Clayton McDonald was found not guilty doesn't mean they are both innocent. I can tell most people who are commenting on this actually have no idea about rape and convictions. Most rapists walk away from court because of a 'lack of evidence' or because of the juries prejudices. Not guilty does not = innocent. It just means there is not enough evidence to convict.
  • Calling the victim a 'slut' or any other derogatory term is revolting. Even if she had slept with 2343543587 men that does not mean that she cannot be raped. Anyone can be raped - sex workers, strippers, nuns - it doesn't matter.
  • It is illegal to have sex with someone who is incapacitated - whether that be through a head injury or alcohol. If she had been incapacitated through anaesthetic would you still be judging her?
  • Your opinion of what rape is doesn't matter - it's what the law says that matters.
  • If you don't think it's rape because she was drunk then please read the Sex Offences Act and come back to me. 
  • There isn't a specific way a rape victim should act. Every victim is entitled to act as they fucking please. Life isn't an episode of Law & Order: SVU. Not everyone sits in the shower for a week. Some pretend it didn't happen, some become recluses, some run away - no matter how they act it is absolutely NONE of YOUR FUCKING BUSINESS. You're again showing you know nothing about rape.
  •  Just because you're 'liek HIS #1!11 FAN 4EVA" doesn't mean he did not rape her. You are no one - the judge and jury are who matter. 
  • Rape is one of, if not the, hardest crime to prove. The burden of proof in rape cases is very high and the jury, as they always do, are more likely to act in favour of the defence than the prosecution. 
  • Just because her rapist said that she said 'yes' when he allegedly asked to 'join in' does not make it fact. Rapists lie, duh. 
  • This should be obvious but just because one of Evans' friends say something about the victim doesn't make it true. People who have some sort of relationship with a rapist will often say disgusting things about their victim/s. 
  • NO MATTER WHAT A VICTIM IS NEVER TO BLAME FOR WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM. THAT BLAME LIES SOLELY WITH THE RAPIST.
  • Rape doesn't mean bruises, it doesn't mean screaming, it doesn't mean a knife against your throat - RAPE IS THE ABSENCE OF CONSENT. 
  • A rape victim cannot 'drop the charges' (to those saying she said she'd drop them for money). Rape is prosecuted in the public interest, not in the interest of the victim who is merely a witness. Even if she said she wasn't seeing the allegation through the investigation would have still continued and her statement would still be logged as evidence. She would have received a citation to appear at court and if she didn't she would have been arrested for contempt.
  • His girlfriend is absolutely pathetic. Any woman who stays with a convicted rapist is pathetic.
  • You're not fucking Poirot. To the people saying 'Hmm, something is fishy here!' about the conviction just know that the media NEVER reports every detail of a case and you probably weren't there through all the evidence so your opinion doesn't really matter (thankfully).
The truth is what Evans' victim is going through is happening to victims every single day, although on a smaller scale. I had to deal with people who knew my rapist telling me that I was a slut and that I wasn't raped. Some of this was said to my face but most of the time it took the form of childish gossip. It was hard to deal with initially but I developed a really hard shell and managed to brush off most of it. I just kept reminding myself that these people's opinions do not, in the grand scheme of things, matter and they are irrelevant, horrible people.  I've yet to meet a rape victim who was not subjected to insults, bullying, slander or harassment. And we wonder why many victims - male and female - do not come forward? 

Some people online took to naming the victim, a few people from Twitter reported this to the police and it is being investigated.

I think it's great that juries attitudes are finally changing, if this had been a few years ago I'm sure he would have walked. It is encouraging every time a conviction of this nature is sought because it sends out a positive messages - it says that if you take advantage of an intoxicated person for your own gain by raping them then you will be arrested, charged and convicted. I really respect and applaud the police and prosecutions handling of the case.

I really hope she can move on from this and she should know she is fucking amazing for reporting it and seeing it through because she will have no doubt saved other women from being subjected to Evans' wrath and she is letting other people out there know that you're not to blame for your rape.

Banffshire Journal - Time to examine our attitudes


(click image to enlarge)

This is an article I had published last week in my local newspaper, the Banffshire Journal. I'd like to thank Graham, the editor, for giving me the opportunity to speak out.

It was really nice to be able to write something in my own words for once, as although I've done interviews in the past I've never really had control over what is included and what is said. It was nice to be able to speak about victim blaming attitudes as well as opposed to just the story of what happened to me. I really hope people read it and re-examine their attitudes to victims of rape and sexual assault. It may be a local paper but it's an important demographic to reach which is often ignored when these things are written and spoken about.

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Who is Sarah?


Sarah I'm a mother, a vegan, a feminist, an identical twin and rape survivor-turned-activist in my early 20's from the north-east of Scotland who has a love for hip-hop and people who stand up for what they believe in. I was in college prior to my assault and I hope to get back in to education soon.